Digital cameras, laptop computers, cellular phones, as well as many portable electronic devices require batteries for powering. Based on the electrolyte type, electrolytic batteries can be categorized into solid-based, liquid-based, and ionic-based batteries. Aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have some promising properties such as low cost, high safety, and high specific volumetric capacity. Nevertheless, in order for AIBs to be extensively used, developing novel electrode materials possessing high energy density is requires. This is mainly dependent on the cathode materials. However, these cathode materials have some drawbacks such as structural decomposition, low battery capacity, low discharge voltage, and volume expansion resulted from the intercalation of large-sized ions. Therefore, future research might concentrate on the investigation of cheaper electrolyte and novel cathode materials for enhancement of energy density and working voltage. This review focuses on the recently developed cathodes, particularly, composite cathode materials, including graphite, CuS, V2O5, Li3VO4@C, VS4/rGO, and Ni3S2/graphene.

Despite the extensive use of polyolefins, especially in the form of lithium-ion battery (LIB) separators, their flammability limits their large-scale battery applications. Therefore, the fabrication of flame-retardant LIB separators has attracted much attention in recent years. In this work, composite separators were fabricated by applying a ceramic-based composite coating composed of a metal hydroxide as a filler and flame-retardant agent (Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3) and a binder (Poly(vinylidene Fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene), P(VDF-HFP)) to the polypropylene (PP) commercial separator. Thermal shrinkage, thickness, air permeability, porosity, wettability, ionic conductivity, flame retardancy, and electrochemical performance of the fabricated ceramic-coated composite separator were investigated. The results showed that the addition of Al(OH)3 particles improved thermal shrinkage (~8 %) and flame retardancy of the commercial separator, which can prevent dimensional changes at high temperatures and significantly increase LIBs safety. Applied 11 μ m ceramic-based coating layer on PP commercial separator had 76 % porosity that increased the value of air permeability from 278. 15 (s/100 cc air) to 312. 8 (s/100 cc air), causing much facile air permeation through the pores of commercial separator than the composite one. Furthermore, suitable electrolyte uptake and the contact angle of ceramic coated separator (135 % and 91. 19° , respectively) facilitated ion transport through the pores, which effectively improved the ionic conductivity of Al(OH)3-coated PP separator (about 1. 4 times higher than bare separator). Moreover, the cell comprising Al(OH)3-coated PP separator had better cyclic performance than that of bare PP separator. All these characteristics make the fabricated flame-retardant Al(OH)3 composite separator an appropriate candidate to ensure the safety of the large-scale LIB.

Background: The aim of this research was to develop a fluorogenic sensor for Al 3 + ions, which have been identified as a possible food and drinking water pollutant by the WHO and considered to be harmful to human health. Methods: The sensing mechanism was based on excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, with the ,intramolecular rotation restriction occurring after binding with the analyte. The probe attaches Al 3 + selectively and emits strong emission in 4: 1 H2O/MeOH (v/v) solution while irradiated at 400 nm in the presence of a wide number of cations, acting as a “, turn-on”,fluorescence chemosensor. The range of detection for Al 3 + is 3. 3 nM (3 method), which is more than 200 times more responsive than the WHO suggested limit of 7. 4 mM (3σ,method). Mass spectra, job plot, and Benesi-Hildebrand plot were used to determine the formation of the 1: 1 metal-to-ligand complex. Results: Aluminum (Al) ion content in effluent obtained from the pharmaceutical sector is 0. 381 mM, which is a trace amount. A separate in vitro experiment indicates that the probe can precisely perceive Al 3 + ions in a cell line. The sensor-based method is developed to detect 3. 3 nM of Al 3 + ions, which is significantly less than the WHO max. Conclusion: The probe to detect Al 3 + ions in live cells. HL becomes a flexible sensor for recognizing intracellular Al 3 + in human liver cancer cell line Hep G2 and human lung fibroblast cell lines by fluorescence cell imaging procedures, and the probe’, s non-toxicity has been proven by MTT tests up to 100M.

The applicability of CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs synthesis for the removal of Aluminum ion from wastewater was studied. The active sites and morphology structure of CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs synthesis were analyzed using BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and XPS respectively. The effect of independent variables namely pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, Al (III) ion concentration in solution, were investigated through batch experiments, and to be 7, 50 mg L-1, 0. 1 g and 90 min for the adsorption of Al (III) ion onto CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs sorbent were found respectively. The adsorbed Al (III) ion onto the CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs showed excellent fitting to the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetic with a correlation coefficient value of 0. 999. Meanwhile, the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the conventional isotherm models accordingly. Freundlich isotherm has good applicability for the experimental data with a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 35. 88 mgg-1 for Al (III) ion onto CM-β-CDFe3O4NPs. The overall results confirmed that CM-β-CD-Fe3O4NPs could be a promising adsorbent material for Al (III) ion removal from wastewater treatment.